Johann Mongels Culverhouse was one of six children born to parents R. Culverhouse and C. Mongels in Rotterdam, Holland in 1825. Around twenty-four years of age, Johann moved to the United States, where he settled in the New York area. He created paintings that appealed to the American art market, and focused on genre scenes and idealized landscapes. Despite his audience, Johann Mongels Culverhouse referred back to his strongest influences as a painter when creating his own canvasses; 17th Century Dutch art. Market Before Dawn is a wonderful example of this intermingling of Dutch and American ideas. Here, Mongels presents a market scene taking place under the moonlight.